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Periodontology
Periodontology
Periodontitis (commonly known as pyorrhea) is an inflammatory disease that affects the gums and the supporting structures holding the tooth in the jawbone (gums, bone, and the ligament connecting the tooth root to the bone are called periodontal tissues, which explains the name of the disease). Initially, it causes gum inflammation, but as it progresses, it affects deeper layers, compromising the foundations of the tooth (bone and the ligament connecting the tooth root to the bone).
What Causes Periodontitis?
Periodontitis is caused by bacteria accumulating on the tooth surface due to poor oral hygiene, forming bacterial plaque.
Signs of Periodontal Disease:
- Spontaneous gum bleeding or bleeding after brushing teeth.
- Swollen and sensitive gums.
- Gum recession.
- Pus discharge from the gums.
- Changes in tooth position, movement, or bite alignment.
- Bad breath and an unpleasant taste in the mouth.
Risks Associated with Periodontitis
In the early stages, periodontitis does not cause pain but may lead to mild discomfort while chewing, increased sensitivity, and gum bleeding. In advanced stages, it can cause abscess formation, gum swelling, and difficulty chewing. If left untreated, periodontitis can lead to tooth loss within a few years and is the leading cause of tooth loss in individuals over 40. The presence of bacteria and their destructive action on tissues can cause bad breath, making periodontitis one of the main causes of halitosis. Recent research has also shown a link between periodontitis and heart disease, as the bacteria responsible for periodontitis can damage the arteries and increase the risk of heart attack.
Risk Factors for Periodontitis:
Periodontitis is a widespread disease that affects approximately three out of four people during their lifetime. In most cases, the disease progresses slowly, and the damage becomes evident after the age of 50. Certain risk factors can facilitate the development of the disease and/or accelerate its progression:
- Smoking.
- Stress.
- Diabetes.
- Systemic diseases.
- Genetic predisposition (heredity).
How Can Periodontitis Be Prevented?
Without bacterial plaque on the teeth, there is no gum inflammation, and without gum inflammation, there is no periodontitis. Good oral hygiene and regular removal of tartar by a dentist are the best protection against periodontitis.
How Is Periodontitis Treated?
Treatment of periodontitis requires the removal of bacterial deposits from the tooth surface and from the pockets that form between the tooth root and the gums. This procedure is performed under local anesthesia and is not painful. In advanced cases, surgical intervention is required to remove deeply embedded bacteria.
